Essay on Early American History and Traditions of Excellence

In 1607, the first colonists came to settle America and founded Jamestown Virginia. Hoping to escape religious persecution, the Puritans followed in 1620 after trekking across the Atlantic Ocean in the Mayflower. The first winter faced the homeless and foodless Puritans with brutal conditions. After only being there for eight months, half of the original group died, leaving them with only four women. Following the first harvest, those still alive celebrated their well being with the first Thanksgiving. From 1630 to 1647, more Puritans came over and settled in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. At the same time relationship tensions with the neighboring Native Americans became heightened (Campbell, 2011, para. 5). By 1636, the first war against†¦show more content†¦By 1738, the Puritan religion began to decline. Increasingly more people drifted away from the church, or did not attend at all. Even more only went through the motions instead of having a true relationship with the Lo rd. This started a religious revival, known as the Great Awaking, which swept through the colonies. Hoping to promote this, priests delivered sermons encouraging the congregation to devote their life to Christ. One man known for his particularly fiery sermons was Jonathan Edwards (Campbell, 2007, para. 8). Despite all efforts, the Great Awakening failed and within a few decades the Puritan religion vanished completely. In the years following the Great Awakening, the mainstream of the French and Indian battles began. At the time, a massive conflict known as the Seven Years War was occurring in Europe. The French and Indian wars were a part of this bigger war. While the treaty of Paris ended this war in Great Britain’s favor in 1763, it was only the beginning of hostilities between the colonists and Great Britain. Great Britain used their newfound control over America to their advantage. Wishing to alleviate the massive debt Great Britain encountered after the Seven Years War, the King, King George III, taxed the colonists. This angered the colonists, as they did not have any representation in the British parliament. America declared themselves free in the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the Revolutionary War officially broke out in 1779.Show MoreRelatedThe Negro Digs Up His Past1700 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Past? This article â€Å"The Negro Digs Up His Past’’ by Arthur schomburg on 1925, elaborates more on the struggles of slavery as well as how history tend to be in great need of restoration through mindfully exploring on the past. The article, however started with an interesting sentence which caught my attention, especially when the writer says ‘’The American Negro must remark his past in order to make his future’’ (670). 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The Common Types Of Bullying - 1732 Words

Bullying involves repeated acts of anger and violent behavior. A child who grows into this infamous term known as a â€Å"bully†, result into preying on and threatening a victim who is weaker physically, mentally and emotionally. There are four common types of bullying. It is important for parents to understand which type of bullying is concerning their child so they can understand what is happening to them and what actions should be taken to help their child. The first type of bullying is physical bullying that includes; hitting, kicking, tripping, pinching, pushing, or damaging property. The second type of bullying is verbal bullying that includes; name-calling, insults, intimidation, homophobic/racist remarks, or verbal abuse. The third type of bullying is social and emotional bullying. This is also called â€Å"relational bullying.† This type of bullying includes behavioral actions designed to harm a child’s reputation or cause humiliation. For example, lying , spreading rumors, negative facial gestures, playing cruel jokes to embarrass a child, etc. As technology has advanced, so has the way children communicate with one another. This has opened the door to the newest of the four bullying types, and it is constantly evolving and changing as new technology and social media sites are introduced. Cyber bullying has expanded the boundary of bullying, allowing kids to be bullied 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, regardless of where they are. This type of bullying includes taunting orShow MoreRelatedThe Common Types Of Bullying864 Words   |  4 Pagesissue in our society today. Bullying is a big problem, mainly in kids and teens. Bullies need to learn to â€Å"love one another’, and for the bully not put all their anger on another because of certain situation are not going right. This issue is stressing our society and possibly reshaping our future. There are four common types of bullying. 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Consumer Behaviour Goods And Services For Personal Consumption

Question: Discuss about the Consumer Behaviour Goods And Services For Personal Consumption. Answer: Introduction Consumer behaviour is about the actions and the decision methods of the people who buy goods and services for personal consumption and it signifies. Consumer depends on the age, gender, social position and occupation (Hoyer, MacInnis Pieters, 2016).It also depends on the country and its ethnicity (Starc, 2014). It also depends on lifestyle, which normally includes the activities, opinions and hobbies. This report mainly contains the compensatory decision rule selecting the rental property of the three people of different background. There is also elucidation of the other factors related to demography, gender, ethnicity, nationality and country. Finally, there is a suggestion of any of the marketer of the rental property. Compensatory Decision Rule according to the survey Compensatory decision rules is about the methods when a consumer is assessing product and service alternatives, bargaining one characteristics or another, so that the good features compensate for the bad one (Mullen, Johnson, 2013). . For example if a person wants to buy a yoghurt at certain amount of price. But when he observes a brand of yoghurt yoghurt has certain benefits like natural and organic value and calories which surpass another brand of yoghurt which is comparatively inexpensive (Kardes, Cronley Cline, 2014). When he selects the brand of yoghurt which is superior in quality and also more expensive than the other one it is known as the compensatory decision making process (Mathews et al., 2014) . There are three different surveys, which sort out the compensatory decision in relation to rental property. There is a scope of six rental properties with different features and different amenities. The first rental property is $1,580, the second one is $420, the third one is $ 230, the fourth one is the $990, the fifth one is $195 and the sixth and the last one is $380. According to the decision of the first respondent, she has chosen the third option amongst all the option for buying the property. This rental property has facility of sharing a three-bedroom single-storey house with a nurse and a journalist. The house is with primary renovation and fully furnished. There is one personal bed and one kitchen and one bathroom have to share with the housemates. There is also availability of off street parking. The first respondent have selected this option most probably because she has to share rooms with the nurse who will be helpful for any medical emergency . Moreover the price of this rental property is much lesser than the other ones. The second respondent is a male who has chosen the fourth option which is priced for $990 . His rental property consists of three -bedroom apartment, with one kitchen, two bathrooms, two secured car spaces, with modern faci lities but no furniture. The third respondent is a homemaker she has mainly chosen the sixth option for buying the rental property. It has three bedroom single-storey house, with one kitchen, one bathroom, two garages, and modern renovation and also semi furnished with some necessary furniture. It can be considered that in reality the second respondent has not brought the same rental property because as he is a divorcee with an daughter may be he has not brought a new rental property without no furnishing and no other people sharing the property. Analysis of the Behaviour of the Respondents The first respondent is a single woman who is studying bachelor degree course at the university (Campbell, 2016). She earns money by working as a part time in a grocery store. She earns less money that is $27,000 from the other two respondents and her familys income is comparatively lower. Therefore, in that case it is normal to choose the rental property, which is amounted to $230. It can be seen that in the evaluative criterion she has given more points for the option one but she has not selected it mainly due to the price of the rental property which is far expensive than the chosen one. Moreover she has no problem in sharing the apartment because she is extrovert in nature and also careful and efficient in nature which will enable her to learn something from the journalist. The second respondent is a man of 54 years old who is a well-established person and resides in Austria. His family income is quite good which amounts to $198,000. His daughter deals with the issue of rental pr operty because he is not so extrovert and open to everyone. Though in the evaluative criterion they have also given more points to option one but may be they have also rejected due to its price. Therefore, in this case it can be seen that an expense also plays an important role in selecting the rental property. The third respondent is a 48 years old homemaker. She has no income of her own and the family income is $114,300. Though she is extrovert but she is not careful and efficient for which the decision of the rental property is done by children and husband. They have wished for the the option six for buying the rental property which is quite reasonable in context to price (Huck, Lnser Tyran ,2016). In evaluative criterion the three respondents have given more value to all the features like bedroom, Bathroom and kitchen, parking, renovation and furnishing, and distance from the city centre. But they have not selected it due to its expense. Recommendations to the marketer Learning and memory theory in consumer behaviour is not learning from the book. This theory is something for example if a person has gone to a store where the behaviour of the store manager is nice from the other store manager (Lantos,2015).. Then the person keeps in mind this fact and in the next time he goes to this store to buy things. In this case the marketer of the first option which is four bed room two storey, with two kitchens one in the upstair, three bathrooms two upstairs and one at the downstair, two garages, and high-end renovation; fully furnished with top appliances and luxurious furniture. The distance from the main city centre is 16 km. It can b e said in the evaluative criterion all the three respondents has given good points in overall structure but they has only given less value in the cost of the rental property (Laoviwat, Suppapanya Yousapronpaiboon, 2014).It can be said that the marketer of this rental property while convincing the customers must explain the long term benefit of the rental property and the marketer can reduce the cost of the rental property to a extent the profit amount is not altered much. Finally, the behaviour of the marketer has to be very nice so that it he or she can influence the buyer (Vitell, 2015). If all these strategies are used by the marketer then definitely the consumer will be influenced by all these facts then the consumer can buy the property Hence this is the application of the theory of the learning and memory. Conclusion Finally, in conclusion it can be said that the main component which rules the consumer behaviour is occupation and income. Definitely, the products and services also matters in taking decision for buying them but in most of the cases the expense matters. Another thing is it also depends on the person who ismarketing and selling the product and service has to be very patient and convincing in nature. Finally, the personal quality and attitude also moderates the consumer behaviour. References Campbell, J. Y. (2016). Richard T. Ely Lecture Restoring Rational Choice: The Challenge of Consumer Financial Regulation.The American Economic Review,106(5), 1-30. Hoyer, W. D., MacInnis, D. J., Pieters, R. (2016).Consumer behavior. Nelson Education. Huck, S., Lnser, G. K., Tyran, J. R. (2016). Price competition and reputation in markets for experience goods: An experimental study.The RAND Journal of Economics,47(1), 99-117. Kardes, F., Cronley, M., Cline, T. (2014).Consumer behavior. Cengage Learning. Lantos, G. P. (2015).Consumer behavior in action: Real-life applications formarketing managers. Routledge. Laoviwat, P., Suppapanya, P., Yousapronpaiboon, K. (2014). A Study of Demographics Influencing on Consumer Behavior and Attitude towards Brand Equity of Optical Business in Thailand.International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance,5(4), 347. Mathews, L. G., Carson, R., Baylor, R., Hamel, Z., Giarrocco, K. (2014). Do Farmers Markets Change Consumer Behavior? Evidence from the Southern Appalachians. Mullen, B., Johnson, C. (2013).The psychology of consumer behavior. Psychology Press. Starc, A. (2014). Insurer pricing and consumer welfare: Evidence from medigap.The RAND Journal of Economics,45(1), 198-220. Vitell, S. J. (2015). A case for consumer social responsibility (CnSR): Including a selected review of consumer ethics/social responsibility research.Journal of Business Ethics,130(4), 767-774.

The Difference between Metropolitan and Colonial Space free essay sample

Metropolitan vs. Colonial Space in Forster’s A Passage to India and Lawrence’s Women in Love At first glance, it seems easy to state a definitive distinction between what Said calls â€Å"metropolitan space† and â€Å"colonial space. † In its simplest form, metropolitan space is the space occupied by the colonizers. Examples of this include England, France and the places these people reside in while living in these colonies. Likewise, colonial space is that which is occupied by those who are colonized. India and Africa are both good examples of this. However, upon closer inspection, it is clear that this distinction is not as simple as it may originally appear. Although the above definitions are accurate, they are also incomplete. As Said says, colonialism is not a â€Å"simple act of accumulation and acquisition (9). † The distinction between metropolitan space and colonial space does not lie solely within physical and tangible spaces. It also exists in the mindsets and attitudes of the people involved in colonialism. We will write a custom essay sample on The Difference between Metropolitan and Colonial Space or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Said points out that a direct result of colonialism is that it comes with changes in attitudes (52). Another important element of the distinction between metropolitan and colonial spaces is the understanding that this distinction exists because of the differences in power. Said defines metropolitan space as a â€Å"socially desirable empowered space (52). † He goes on to say that metropolitan spaces are connected to colonial spaces by the â€Å"design, motive and development† of these colonial spaces. Further, he says that cultures want to move into these colonial spaces because they are viewed as ‘desirable but subordinate (52). † This point is especially important to note. There is a definite understanding that those who occupy the metropolitan space have the power while those who occupy the colonial space do not. The vocabulary used is also an essential element of the distinction between the two spaces. Said mentions that some of the key elements/words associated with colonialism include: â€Å"inferior† and â€Å"subordinate peoples. (9)† These terms further reinforce the division of power. E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India is a prime example of the distinction between metropolitan and colonial spaces. Using the simplest definition, Forster presents an India where the distinction between metropolitan and colonial spaces is very clear. Metropolitan space is present in the form of England, but also is present locally in the form of the club. The Indians occupy their own colonial spaces that the British rarely enter into. Examples of this include the bazaar and their bungalows. Though the novel is full of many examples of the more intricate distinction between metropolitan and colonial spaces, in Chapter V concerning the Bridge Party the examples are especially abundant. At the Bridge Party, the two groups have their clear, tangible division: the British and the Indians. Ironically, though the party (in theory) is there to bridge the gap between the two groups, it instead acts as a reinforcer of this gap. It is made clear that the Indians are outsiders at the club. From a physical point of view, the two groups remain separated. The British stand on one side, while the Indians stand on another. Though a few attempts at communication do exist, for the most part, the East v. West dissonance is carried on. Once attempt at communication occurs when Mrs. Moore requests to be introduced to the Indian women. Mrs. Turton replies, â€Å"You’re superior to them, anyway†¦ You’re superior to everyone in India (42). † There is nothing covert about Mrs. Turton’s feelings about the inferiority of the Indians. The use of the word â€Å"superior† calls to mind Said’s earlier statement about colonial vocabulary. Yet another example involving Mrs. Turton at the Bridge Party comes moments later. She greets the Indians in Urdu. However, she only knows the imperative form of the verbs in Urdu, and as such, is rude to the Indian women. In her metropolitan space, ordering around her inferiors is the only reason she has to speak the language. Mrs. Turton is soon surprised to discover that this particular group of Indians have learned English. Perhaps even more important to note, these Indian women know polite forms of English. This makes Mrs. Turton uncomfortable. In fact, â€Å"her manner had grown more distant since she had discovered that some of the group was Westernized, and might apply her own standards to her (43). † It is perfectly acceptable for her to judge them, but not the other way around. This, of course, is because of the difference in power between her and the women. In her eyes, it is okay for her to pick up the â€Å"quaint† Indian language, but it’s unacceptable for the Indians to speak her language or to try to adopt her mindset. As is expressed by Mrs. Turton’s attitude, people are expected to fill certain roles. Spoken and unspoken restrictions are placed on both groups. For example, just as the Indians are not allowed to enter the club, the English are looked down upon when they travel to the Marabar Caves. Members of both groups are aware of the expectations and do their best to fulfill them. The Collector knows clearly his role and what is expected from him at the Bridge Party. He mingles with all of the guests, yet at the same time he â€Å"was under no illusions, and at the proper moment he retired to the English side of the lawn (45). † Likewise, Ronny expresses his frustration when his mother suggests that he should not do things the way everyone else does. He laments, â€Å"What do you and Adela want me to do? Go against my class, against all the people I respect and admire out here? Lose such power as I have for doing good in this country because my behavior isn’t pleasant (51)? † Ronny’s words make it clear that those who do not stick to the norm are seen as different. Any attempts to traverse between the two spaces (by either group) are met with suspicion and discomfort. Those who do attempt to traverse between the two spaces are viewed as very different. Yet despite this, there are exceptions. After the incident in the Marabar Caves, when Mr. Fielding fights the accusation against Aziz, he is seen as â€Å"weak (211). However, this negative view of him exists even before he publicly supports Aziz. He is seen as different at the Bridge Party when â€Å"the moment for refreshments came, he did not move back to the English side (46). † Miss Quested is another excellent example of this. Before the Marabar Caves incident, she is fascinated by everything that is India. She is viewed by the British women as someone who is strange. Yet, af ter the incident, she is treated very differently. The women fawn over her and worry that she is not alright. This is described as them being â€Å"kind to her, indeed over-kind†¦the women too sympathetic (214). † Of course, it is only after Miss Quested’s view on India and Indians change that she is accepted by the women. Though D. H. Lawrence’s Women in Love does not directly deal with colonialism like A Passage to India, it is set in an England that is very much affected by its colonial explorations and expansions. With this comes colonial attitudes, which are present even within the metropolitan space. One example of this can be seen when Birkin and Gerald travels to London. In the chapter entitled â€Å"Creme de Menthe,† Gerald is fascinated by the African statue at Hailliday’s apartment. As Said says â€Å"metropolitan culture†¦ can now be seen to have suppressed the authentic elements in colonized society (251). † To Gerald, this statue is an â€Å"authentic† representation of what African culture is really like. Of course, there is much more to African culture than what is displayed in this statue. The statue is described as â€Å"strange and disturbing† and also as â€Å"rather wonderful (74). † This illustrates the ambiguous feelings often associated with colonialism. With the exception of this statue example, Women in Love may seem a strange choice to address the issue of metropolitan and colonial spaces. However, it can be argued that the distinction between city and country in Women in Love is similar to the distinction between metropolitan and colonial space in A Passage to India and other colonial works. The biggest similarity exists in the form of attitudes concerning power. Just as the British culture is seen as superior in Forster’s India, those from the city view the country as being inferior to their culture. Just as in A Passage to India, those who belong to the metropolitan space view those of a lower status with contempt. The Crich family’s annual water-party is strikingly similar to the Bridge party held in A Passage to India. Those with the power (and money) invite people who are lower than them socially to interact with them. Crich does this because â€Å"he loved to give pleasures to his dependents and to those poorer than himself (155). † However, much like the majority of British in Passage, Crich’s children are less than enthusiastic about this. They are described as preferring â€Å"the company of their own equals in wealth. Furthermore, they hate â€Å"their inferiors’ humility or gratitude or awkwardness. † Words such as these are often used by the city people when speaking about those who live in the country. These attitudes echo the sentiments of the British in A Passage to India as well as Said’s previous comments about the vocabu lary used when speaking about colonialism . Yet, despite these superior attitudes, both the Criches and the British in India agree to these interactions. Once again, much like Passage’s Bridge Party, at the water-party, where much mingling is expected, people actually stay with their respective groups. These groups gossip about each other and through all of this, despite the fact that this is an attempt to bring them together, the division still exists. The aforementioned examples are but a few of the many present in A Passage to India and Women in Love. Yet, hopefully, they convey the idea that the distinction between metropolitan and colonial spaces is more complex than simply locating these spaces on a map. Works Cited Forster, E. M. A Passage to India . Harcourt: San Diego, 1924. Lawrence, D. H. Women in Love. Penguin Books: London, 1920 Said, Edward W. Culture and Imperialism . Vintage Books: New York, 1993.

Motivation and Employee Performance Essay Example

Motivation and Employee Performance Essay Effects of motivation on employees performance in an organization The problem can be placed within human resource management perspective as there maybe issues catering to research literature for instance, there maybe lack of support into employee motivation for positive performance indicator in the organization, for example, the presence of too much authority can affect employee performance due to some issues of motivation, affecting employees motivation level. There is ample need to recognize motivation and performance into employee based perspective, finding out motivation effects on employee performance thus, recognizing research based theories and applications (motivation and employee performance). This will be in Uganda context. 1. What is Motivation and How Does it Affect Performance? Why is knowing how to motivate employees is important? What comprise of motivation received by employees? Discuss with literature 2. What is meant by employee performance? Discuss aspects in accordance to literature 3. How is performance manifested by human resource area? How it is known in terms of effects underlying motivation ways? 4. What are some of motivation effects toward employee performance? Is there a positive effect? A negative effect? Name some 5. What are several ways of measuring motivation to come up with effective employee performance? How it is measured for the purpose of recognizing performance success? There is positive effect of motivation towards employee performance within Uganda’s SME There is negative effect of motivation towards employee performance within Uganda’s SME We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation and Employee Performance specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation and Employee Performance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation and Employee Performance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer For literature, motivated employees help organizations survive as motivated employees are more productive. To be effective, HR need to understand what motivates employees within the context of roles they perform, motivating employees is complex as due to the fact that what motivates employees changes constantly ( 1991) as for example, research suggests that as employees income increases, money becomes less of motivator (1987), as employees get older, interesting work becomes more of motivator thus, the need to describe the ranked importance of the following motivating factors: job security sympathetic help with personal problems personal loyalty to employees interesting work good working conditions tactful discipline good wages promotions and growth in the organization feeling of being in on things full appreciation of work done Survey based technique will be used to solicit the data. The target respondents are managerial level employees of Uganda’s SMEs, survey will comprise of different sections contains survey statements measuring motivation and employee performance in lieu to: Motivation and acquisition bases Employee Performance bases Motivation and enrichment bases Performance labeling and execution of motivation tactics A total of 50 employees working within two or three Uganda SMEs mostly in the area of manufacturing and production, noting in how they are motivated and what performance level they have resulted due to motivation given such as performance based incentives as well as rewards. The employees are to asked to indicate their extent of agreement using the five-point Likert scale (with 5 = completely agree, to 1 = completely disagree). The motivation for qualitative method is opposed to that of quantitative method. Qualitative method is designed to help researchers understand people and the social and cultural contexts which they live, as the understanding of phenomenon from viewpoints of participants and its particular social and institutional context is largely lost when textual date is quantified, research questions are need to be examined for reliability and validity. 1 Strongly Disagree 2 Disagree 3 Neutral 4 Agree 5 Strongly Agree No Statements 1 motivated employees help organizations survive as motivated employees are more productive 1 2 3 4 5 2 HR need to understand what motivates employees within the context of roles they perform 1 2 3 4 5 3 employees income increases, money becomes less of motivator 1 2 3 4 5 4 employees get older, interesting work becomes more of motivator 1 2 3 4 5 Data will be collected and analyzed through using qualitative techniques such as pointing towards document analysis, interviews and questionnaire survey. The primary data is to be collected from the respondents in HR based situations, secondary data is to comprise of reference concerning research subject as the use of existing Malaysia information will be realized within the overall research structure The research paper will argue that current knowledge of determinants of motivation and performance is woefully inadequate as initial step toward improving the situation, conceptual model is a must which identify set of individual, interpersonal, organizational and environmental variables that may influence employee motivation and his level of performance. The model incorporates many constructs and research findings from other disciplines, but the primary purpose is to provide conceptual framework and specific hypotheses to help guide future empirical research for people management.

Definition and Examples of Meronyms and Holonyms

Definition and Examples of Meronyms and Holonyms In semantics, a  meronym is a word that denotes a constituent part or a member of something. For example, apple is a meronym of apple tree (sometimes written as appleapple tree). This part-to-whole relationship is called meronymy. Adjective: meronymous. Meronymy is not just a single relation but a bundle of different part-to-whole relationships. The opposite of a meronym is a holonym- the name of the whole of which the meronym is a part. Appletree is a holonym of apple (apple treeapple). The whole-to-part relationship is called holonymy. Adjective: holonymous. EtymologyFrom the Greek, part name Examples and Observations [I]n one context finger is an appropriate meronym of hand, and in other cases flesh is an appropriate meronym of hand. Finger and flesh, however, are not co-meronyms of hand, since different relational criteria (functional part versus material) are applied in each case.(M. Lynne Murphy, Semantic Relations and the Lexicon: Antonymy, Synonymy and Other Paradigms. Cambridge University  Press, 2003)​ Types of Meronym Relationships At one level meronyms can be divided into two types:  necessary and optional (Lyons 1977), otherwise called canonical and facilitative (Cruse, 1986). An example of a necessary meronymy is eyeface. Having an eye is a necessary condition of a well-formed face, and even if it is removed, an eye is still a face part. Optional meronymy includes examples like cushionchair- there are chairs without cushions and cushions that exist independently of chairs. (Concise Encyclopedia of Semantics, ed. by  Keith Allan. Elsevier, 2009)Meronymy is a term used to describe a part-whole relationship between lexical items. Thus cover and page are meronyms of book. . . .Meronyms vary . . . in how necessary the part is to the whole. Some are necessary for normal examples, for example, nose as a meronym of face; others are usual but not obligatory, like collar as a meronym of shirt; still, others are optional like cellar for house.(John I. Saeed, Semantics, 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell, 2003)In many ways, meronymy is significantly more complicated than hyponymy. The Wordnet databases specify three types of meronym relationships:(Jon Orwant, Games, Diversions, and Perl Culture. OReilly Associates, 2003) Part meronym: a tire is part of a carMember meronym: a car is a member of a traffic jamSubstance (stuff) meronym: a wheel is made from rubber​ Synecdoche and Meronym/Holonymy The two commonly  acknowledged variants of synecdoche, part for the whole (and vice versa) and genus for species (and vice versa), find their correspondence in the linguistic concepts of meronymy/holonymy and hyponymy/hypernymy. A meronym denotes a word or other element that together with other elements constitutes a whole. Thus, bark, leaf, and branch are meronyms of the holonym tree. A hyponym, on the other hand, denotes a word that belongs to a subset whose elements are collectively summarized by a hypernym. Thus, tree, flower, bush are hyponyms of the hypernym plant.  A first observation to be made here  is that these two concepts describe relationships on different levels: meronymy/holonymy describes a relationship between  elements of material objects.  It is the referential object leaf  which in extralingual reality  forms a part of the whole tree. Hyponymy/hypernymy, by contrast,  refers to a relationship between concepts. Flowers and trees are jointly classif ied as plants. but in extralingual reality, there is no plant that consists of flowers and trees.  In other words, the first relationship is extralingual, the second relationship is conceptual. (Sebastian Matzner,  Rethinking Metonymy: Literary Theory and Poetic Practice From Pindar to Jakobson. Oxford University Press,  2016)

Why a Human Mind Seeks Attraction to a Beach Essay

Why a Human Mind Seeks Attraction to a Beach - Essay Example Every human mind is related with nature at a certain plane. And not a single person can ignore its mighty existence and unending influence on the mind and life of a man. Some people are attracted to mighty snow–capped mountains, some to green vales. Some minds get lost in the mystery of the woods and some lose their heart at the roaring waves of an ocean which crushes at the beach and to touch their feet. The beauty of a golden beach lying as a stretch on the bank of a sea or an ocean is always attractive for most of the people. It does not captivate the obscurity of woods and hardship of mountains. For a perfect destination to relax, rejuvenate and feel the mirth and warmth of life, beach is the best resort. It does not involve any physical hardship to stay or reach a beach. And the beauty of a beach is always more exploring with the progress in the hour clock. The color scheme of the stretch of land changes with the changing season. This glorifies the aura of the beach attra cting millions of tourist across the world every year. Thesis Statement This essay intends to analyze and explore the reasons why a human mind seeks attraction to a beach and tries to describe the beauty and blessings of nature bestowed upon this physical feature on earth. Beauty of a Beach To many people it might seem at the outset that a stretch of land covered with sand and rock cannot seem actually beautiful. However, to many others who have been attracted, enchanted and mesmerized with the glory, charm and enigma of a beach know that what fascinates them towards the stretch of land in reality. The golden sand dunes and the rocky cliffs situated at the shore of a vast water-body yielding magnificent and gigantic waves is a sight to watch from a considerable distance. The gigantic waves roar like thunder and then crush and efface on the banks. It seems that their mighty existence somewhere fall short, minor and tiny in front of the golden stretch of land (United Nations Education al, Scientific and Cultural Organization, â€Å"When Sand Dunes Have Been Destroyed†). The beach that is rocky or has cliffs is just another beautiful spectacle of nature. The waves evolving from the middle of the ocean, takes a magnificent aura before crushing down to the rocks and cliffs on the beach. It seems that those cliffs are the ring master of a circus taming a lion, making it ready for the show. The beast may roar, deny, show its magnanimity but before the rock-solid existence of the ring master and his agile hunter, the beast is ought to succumb and break down. The same spectacle evolves before the eyes of a person who stands at the rocky beach and watches the waves crushing down before the Rocky Mountains situated at the beach. The crushing of the waves produces beautiful foam which seems like some cluster of stray clouds on a blue sky. The poetic mind which operates above the mundane scientific theories of daily life perceives it as a reflection of the phenomena taking place up in the sky (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, â€Å"When Sand Dunes Have Been Destroyed†). Sunrise and sunset both occur with vivacity and grandeur at the beach. Sun and the sand play all through the day changing mood and color with the passing season. With its first ray the sun turns the beach into a casket of red light. The air gets warm slowly and the waves dance with the rays of the sun